This subject provides the fundamental knowledge in pharmacology required by students enrolled in the Pharmacology minor. The subject covers basic introduction to drugs, drug dosage forms and routes of drug administration, introducing students with fundamental principles and basic concepts of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and understanding receptor theory of drug action. The subject covers the general principles of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs as well as the basic mechanisms of drug action at the biochemical and cellular levels on important drug targets. The subject also covers factors of individual variation to drugs, types of adverse drug reactions and types of drug interactions including common drug-drug and herb-drug interactions. The subject also introduces general concepts of neuropharmacology and neurohumoral transmission in the body.